Police Brutality And The Media - 893 Words

In a nation that prides itself on protecting the rights of all citizens, one right is under a blistering attack. According to the second amendment the â€Å"right to bear arms shall not be infringed† but in every corner of America that right is getting closer and closer to disappearing. In the news, Americans only hear of the guns that kill, they don’t hear of the guns that save. The fact of the matter is, the right to carry concealed weapons has saved lives. Everyday, the biased news media reports another mass shooting. The media reports the cases of â€Å"police brutality† and the media reports the tragic accidents. The media doesn’t report the research by David Burnett and Clayton Cramer who track incidents of defensive gun use. The stories include women fighting off would be rapists and senior citizens protecting themselves from robbers. They are stories that prevent violent crimes from occurring, for they are stories that save lives. As a young woman preparing to go to college, I am scared. Recent statistics show that one in four women will be raped in college. One out of my four best friends who gossip about boys and stress about homework will suffer the most traumatic event of their short lives. If only that best friend had a concealed weapon to protect herself. If only someone who hears the rape will have a concealed weapon to protect her. It is important to note that no lives have to be taken in this quest for protection. A concealed weapon does not have toShow MoreRelatedMedia Reports And Police Brutality2942 Words   |  12 PagesMedia Reports and Police Brutality The purpose of my proposed research is to study the effect of media reports on the current Americans’ perceptions of police brutality. Police brutality has been a headline topic for debate for the past century. This topic’s popularity has grown recently due to advancements in media technology over the past two decades. Police brutality is a problem in the United States for both, citizens and police officers. It is important to study the effect that mass media coverageRead MoreSocial Media As A Platform For Police Brutality1646 Words   |  7 Pagesdocumented and filmed that many rioters have demanded the streets to riot recent fatal police brutality of unarmed African American teenagers, but what has caused the most publicity is how these incidents spread so widely through social media. The article Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States by Yarimar Bonilla Jonathan Rosa studies the affects social med ia has on a modern political issue and explains how â€Å"hashtag activism† can uniteRead MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MoreSocial Media Activism, Centered On Police Brutality1180 Words   |  5 Pages Has Social Media Activism, Centered On Police Brutality in African-American Communities Producing Sustainable Change? Simona M. Young University of Southern California Over the last year, the media has done an excellent job in bringing national exposure to the culture of police brutality within African-American communities. Fortunately, social media – alongside the growing accessibility to smartphones – has assisted in bringing these intentional violations to the forefront ofRead MorePolice Brutality By News Broadcasts And Social Media858 Words   |  4 PagesPolice use of force has been manipulated into police brutality by news broadcasts and social media sites causing many citizens to despise the police. The spread of videos featuring unnecessary force by police officers arresting criminals has given all officers a bad name, however, not all officers make bad decisions when it comes to the proper use of force. According to a 2008 study that was done on 40 million police cases only 1.4% of the cases were threatened with or involved with the use of forceRead MorePolice Brutality : How The Media Influences Our Perceptions1422 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesPolice Brutality: How the Media Influences Our Perceptions The perception of excessive force has been intensely debated for the last few decades. With continuous public defiance increasing, instances of police brutality are rising at an exponential rate. However, the accessibility to social media has greatly increased as well, therefore, causing us to become more aware of such situations. With that considered, the increased amount of police beatings is far less than what may be perceived. FrequentlyRead MorePolice Brutality Is Publicized All Around The World On All Types Of Media1521 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Gumbert Period 7 5/1/2015 Police Brutality Police brutality is publicized all around the world on all types of media. Some people don’t believe that it occurs and some are extremely against how the police take action against people. Events such as the Mike Brown case add to the fire of this upsetting topic.There is controversy over many of these cases. Especially when the case involves a conflict between a white and black man. The nation needs to be better about determining the fate of someoneRead MoreThe Police Brutality Of The Media And The 2016 Election Between Hillary Clinton And Donald Trump1274 Words   |  6 PagesMost Americans would agree that legitimacy is being questioned in our society today. With the ongoing police brutality being construed through the media and the 2016 election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, Americans are questioning what society has to base their morals and values on with consistency of our constitutional rights. If Hillary is allowed to delete 30,000 emails and get away wi thout being looked at through a criminal factor involving unknown potential criminal activity, thanRead MorePolice bruality essay for college class i guess1365 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police brutality occurs daily across America. Police brutality can come in various forms, counting lethal and nonlethal force. Comprehending the exact commonness of police brutality is complex, because of the inconsistency in describing police brutality. The trouble in differentiating among justified and unjustified force. Police interactions often can be misconstrued, or sometimes turned around against an officer. Questionable behavior and complaints against officers can be filedRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Officers Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivated police brutality and societal discrimination. Though his efforts were not in vain, today’s media representation of law enforcement impacts the societal cultivation of police officers in a negative way. Media outlets, in the forms of television, radio, or social websites, create a cynical view of police officers, which influences societal beliefs and creates negative connotations. These days, police are often stereotyped as aggressive, corrupt beings. The growing hatred for police officers

A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay Free Essays

Raimondo Panikkar is a Roman Catholic Priest who specializes in the survey of comparative doctrine of faith. He was born in Barcelona Spain on November 03. 1918. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Possibly. the assorted inter faith matrimony of his female parent. who was a Catholic from Catalonia Spain. and his male parent who was a Hindu from a extremely situated caste Nair from South India. histories most for his involvement in comparative spiritual doctrine. His instruction besides contributed much in this. He was educated in a Jesuit school and he took up chemical science and doctrine at universities in Madrid. Barcelona and Bonn. After being ordained as a Roman Catholic Priest in 1946. and keeping doctor’s degrees in Philosophy and Science ( Complutense University. Madrid 1945 and 1958 ) and divinity ( Pontifical Lateran University. Rome. 1961 ) . he left for India in 1953 to set about surveies in Indian doctrine and faith at the University of Mysore and at the Banaras Hindu University. He authored 40 books and about a 1000 articles covering with comparative doctrine and faith and has deliberated on rules and patterns of multi-faith. which includes among others. duologues between Christian-Hindu. Christian-Buddhist and Christian-Secularist. In the book Intrareligious Dialouges. Panikkar said â€Å"I left as a Christian ; found myself a Hindu ; and I return as a Buddhist. without holding ceased to be a Christian. † ( Panikkar. Paulist Press ; revised edition. July 1999. ISBN 0809137631 ) . Panikkar’s parts are widely quoted and to a great extent used to back up the theory of ( your household name 2 ) spiritual pluralism. interfaith and multi-faith surveies every bit good as spiritual comparative doctrine. THE WEBSITE HTTP: //WWW. RELIGIOUSTOLERANCE. ORG No affair how you describe yourself. you should happen your beliefs and patterns accurately represented in this web site. – ( ReligiousTolerance. org ) This site is a copyrighted side by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. In their Statement of belief the web Masterss said that they are a multi-faith group. As of 2008-FEB. we consist of one Atheist. Agnostic. Christian. Wiccan and Zen Buddhist. Therefore. the OCRT staff deficiency understanding on about all theological affairs. such as belief in a supreme being. the nature of God. reading of the Bible and other holy texts. whether life after decease exists. what form the hereafter may take. etc. ( ReligiousTolerance. org ) They proceed to recite cardinal points in their belief system in a slug manner. and among others. said that they In working towards a civilization that is comparatively free of favoritism on the footing of gender. race. sexual orientation. gender individuality. faith. national beginning. physical disablement. age. etc. ( ReligiousTolerance. org ) . On the left manus side of the web site there are clickable links of articles and essays that list among others. the major faiths of the universe. Non-theistic articles such as Agnosticism and Humanism. There are besides articles on Religious Ethical motives. Peace and Conflict. â€Å"Hot† Topics every bit good as Laws and News. Over-all the web site is apparent and straightforward. The interface is really easy to ( your household name 3 ) usage and really user friendly. The web site has patrons ads. but none of the usual annoyance pop-ups. and/or raging background music and other doodads that are found in other web sites. The articles in the web site presented in a logic manner. are easy to utilize and subjects are indexed clearly for easy referencing and retrieval. It is besides peppered with nuggets and quotation marks from spiritual leaders and other noteworthy characters. One such illustration is on the bottom portion of the web page. from Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"The demand of the minute is non one faith. but common regard and tolerance of the fans of the different faiths. ( Ghandi ) . The web site is a valuable resource for information in the major faiths of the universe. It is an first-class beginning of in deepness spiritual comparative articles every bit good as current issues impacting religion and pattern. WORKS CITED Pannikar. Raimondo. Intrareligious Dialouges: Paulist Press ; revised edition. July 1999. ISBN 0809137631 ) . Raimon-Panikkar. org Fundacion Vivarium Raimon Panikkar – Tavertet ( Catalunya ) Retrieved February 25. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. raimon-panikkar. org/index. html ReligiousTolerance. Org. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved February 25. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. religioustolerance. org/ How to cite A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay, Essay examples

Project Management for External Environment- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for External Environment. Answer: Introduction The project is related to the online tickets reservation and payment scheme. Change management is defined as a strategic approach which is utilized by the organizations, individuals, and project teams. This approach is used in order to redirect the procedure and consumption of available resources, plans, budgets. Through this, they can be made accustomed with any kind of change within the existing internal and external environment. If it is evaluated that project is under consideration then, suitable change management processes and can be implemented. Thus, this report is a reflection to the project charter which was prepared on online tickets reservation and payment scheme. This report will indicate that how old technology has been overtaken by the new technology and what are its possible impacts. Different Situations that have been Discussed Various steps have been identified while implanting the change management process within an organization and they are discussed as follows: Change documentation: in this customers are invited to deposit their request in respect to which they need change management. They will do so through appropriate templates as well as structures(Akhavan Tabassi, et al., 2017). It will show the basic reason due to which a particular request has been submitted. After that, there is discussions on the change request, it indicates that once the request for the documents are there with the top management that is associated and connected with the project, after that, a project manager begins to review the requests and on the basis of that, expected outcomes are drawn. In addition to this, the project manager (who is responsible for the whole project) also examines that to what extent the project team has finished the work and proceeded with the project relating activities. It ensures that critical activities have been completed or not within the stated time and costs budget. It helps in finalization of the project. Further, Change implement ation process has been discussed which involves Preparation for change implementation; managing the change effectively and efficiently, and reinforcing the change(Buvik Tvedt, 2015). This helps in identifying the perspectives towards the change(Hassan, et al., 2017). Linkage Between the Experience and Theory Communication with Stakeholders is done according to the change management process. Various strategies as well as processes have been utilized during the implementation of the change management process. Plans were developed once the stakeholders' responses have been collected effectively and efficiently. Further, the strategic plan which was developed for the change implementation have been shared with the individuals of the team in charge for change management. This ensures that there is appropriate and correct implementation of the change management process. The basic theory which has been used in this whole process is the learning theory. It indicates that knowledge is absorbed during learning further, it states that how knowledge isprocessed during learning. Further, it also states that how knowledge is retained during learning. Cognitive influences, emotional influences, and environmental influences, along with the prior experience, all these elements play a great role in unders tanding the basic view, thus, accordingly the required skills are changed as well as knowledge process is retained. According to the changing needs of the user, changes are done or implemented and then, they are the only ones who offer resistance. Though, it is quite difficult to handle but it is not impossible to handle and implement(Kerzne, 2009). Provide Insight into How you Engaged in, or Contributed to, the Situation My main role is to handle the change implementation process. Thus, I have met all the stakeholders personally so that required output can be generated. I have classified the project activities according to my knowledge and submitted to the management. Feedbacks which were collected were documented by me and confidentiality and integrity of the information is maintained. Thus, I have tried my level best to support the change management process. Queries of the stakeholders were handled on regular basis(Burke, 2013). Experiences and Learning As every side has two sides same is the case with this. The online ticket reservation system and payment scheme is an excellent approach. It saves lot of time. There is no need to stand in long lines and book the tickets(Theron, 2013). It is the demanding need of an era. Although, it was not easy to develop a change management process and implement it successfully. It faced and encountered lot of challenges and many resistances from stakeholders' side. It is not easy to make them belief the various benefits but, it was regarded as a need of an hour(Weaver, 2014). Proper controlling and monitoring techniques were used in entire project management so that any kind of deviations can be mitigated as well as avoided. Thus, it made me believe that I can make a change and I am having that ability and capability. Various insights of mine were quite beneficial for the report. Project team members were quite focused and have shared the vision(Mir Pinnington, 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that entire change management process relating to Online tickets reservation and payment scheme is divided into three broad headings. First heading illustrate that what are the various circumstances that would ensure that change management request has been indentified or not. Secondly, communication with the stakeholders and third headings states the closure of the report. Each activity of the project management is defined strategically, effectively and efficiently. Further, implementation process has been divided into three phases. All this indicates the relevance of the project charter. Change has been prepared and then, it is managed according to the available resources and then at the last, it is reinforced into the system. It results in lower resistance and ensures that change management process is implemented smoothly within the business. Further, communication with the stakeholders' activity is performed so that resistance can be avoid ed. Last but not the least, scope requirements were cross verified, developments were done in the project reports and at the end, project post review was conducted. References Akhavan Tabassi, A., Roufechaei, K. M., Bakar, A. H. A. Nor'Aini, Y., 2017. Linking Team Condition and Team Performance. Project Management Journal, 48(2), p. 2238. Burke, R., 2013. Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques, s.l.: Burke Publishing. Buvik, M. P. Tvedt, S. D., 2015. The Influence of Project Commitment and Team Commitment on the Relationship between Trust and Knowledge Sharing in Project Teams. Project Management Journal, 48(2), p. 521. Hassan, M. M., Bashir, S. Abbas, S. M., 2017. The Impact of Project Managers' Personality on Project Success in NGOs: The Mediating Role of Transformational Leadership. Project Management Journal, 48(2), p. 7487. Kerzne, H., 2009. Project Management. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Mir, F. A. Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 1(32), pp. 202-2017. Theron, J., 2013. Self reflection paper. [Online] Available at: https://johnwgtheron.blogspot.in/2013/01/management-of-change-self-reflection.html [Accessed 19 May 2017]. Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management:The management of project management:. International Journal of Project Management, 32(8), pp. 1382-1394.

Social Cognitive Theory free essay sample

Baptist, A. P. , Ross, J. A. , Yang, U. , Song, P. X. , Clark, N. M. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a self-regulation intervention for older adults with asthma. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(5), 747-753. Doi:10. 1111/jgs. 12218 To evaluate an asthma self-regulation intervention for older adults, specifically observing the effects on asthma quality of life and asthma control. Participants were outpatients aged 65 and older with asthma who were currently taking daily medications to control their asthma. There were 70 patients enrolled. The average age was 73. 3 years old. Women made up 27% of the enrolled population. The mean number of years diagnoses with asthma was 27. 3 years. Caucasians made up 28% of the enrolled population. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Patients assigned randomly to control or intervention group. Control group (n=35) participants received standard asthma education administered by a health educator. Topics included proper inhaler technique, asthma triggers, asthma control, and signs of exacerbation. Intervention group (n=35) participants received standard care and participated in a six-session program conducted over the telephone and group sessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Cognitive Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Participants selected an asthma-specific goal, identified problems, and addressed potential barriers. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months and included the mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), healthcare utilization, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide level (FENO), and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). The mean mAQLQ score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 1, 6, and 12 months. Higher scores indicated greater quality of life. Mean ACQ score was significantly lower at 1 month for the intervention group than the control group and was lower at the 6 and 12-month time points as well. Lower scores indicated greater asthma control. Lung function was evaluated at 6 and 12 months. No difference was seen in FENO, but predicted FEV1% favored the intervention group. There was no significant difference found for hospitalizations or ED visits between the intervention and control groups, although both favored the intervention group. For a composite healthcare utilization index (hospitalization, ED, or unscheduled visit) the intervention group had significantly fewer visits than the control. A self-regulation intervention is effective for improving asthma quality of life, asthma control, and healthcare utilization in older adults. Byrne, J. , Khunti, K. , Stone, M. , Farooqi, A. , Carr, S. (2011). Feasibility of a structured group education session to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease: An open randomized pilot trial. BMJ Open, doi:10. 1136/bmjopen-2011-000381 To test a group educational intervention called Controlling Hypertension (HTN): Education and Empowerment Renal Study (CHEERS) to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exploring the acceptability of the intervention. Patients with early CKD and HTN. There were 81 people enrolled in the study 30% of the 267 patients approached. Random controlled trial. Patients recruited from nephrology outpatient clinic. Control group received standard clinical management of HTN. Intervention group received routine standard care plus structured CHEERS patient education intervention. Measured: recruitment, retention, patient demographics, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Lack of time 48% and lack of interest 44% were the main reasons for non-participation. 37. 5% of the intervention group failed to attend. These patients were older and had lower self-efficacy. The intervention was rated enjoyable and useful by 100% of participants. None of those who attended the education sessions accessed the additional support offered. Carr, L. J. , Dunsiger, S. I. , Lewis, B. , Ciccolo, J. T. , Hartman, S. , Bock, B. , Marcus, B. H. (2013). Randomized controlled trial testing an internet physical activity intervention for sedentary adults. Health Psychology, 32(3), 328-336. doi:10. 1037/a0028962 To test the efficacy of a newly enhanced internet (EI) intervention in relation to six standard internet (SI) intervention websites that are publicly available to promote physical activity (PA), for improving PA behavior in previously sedentary adults. Healthy sedentary (achieving less than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) men and women between ages 18 and 65 years of age. 66 participants were enrolled. 25 were randomly assigned to the EI group. 28 were randomly assigned to the SI group. More than half were college educated. More than 80% reported being non-Hispanic white. Both groups used an internet website to monitor and improve physical activity. Website use, physical activity, and patient satisfaction were measured. The EI included five SCT-influenced internet features including, physical activity tracking goal-setting calendar, regular peer activity updates, ask the expert QA forum, exercise videos, and geographic mapping function. At 3 months EI participants averaged 180. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 46. 3 minutes by SI participants. At 6 months EI participants averaged 171. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 121. 8 minutes by SI participants. The EI intervention facilitated quicker increases in PA behavior than the SI comparison group. An improvement in PA behavior was associated with improvements in various SCT constructs including social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation. Dorough, A. E. , Winett, R. A. , Anderson, E. S. , Davy, B. M. , Martin, E. C. , Hedrick, V. (2012). DASH to Wellness: Emphasizing Self-Regulation Through E-Health in Adults With Prehypertension. Health Psychology, doi: 10. 1037/a0030483 To assess the initial efficacy of an electronically delivered, lifestyle intervention for treating prehypertension (PHT) by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, reducing dietary sodium through the adaption of the DASH eating plan, increasing physical activity, promoting use of home blood pressure monitoring, reducing weight, and decreasing BP thereby reducing risk of movement to stage I hypertension in middle-aged adults with PHT. 27 participants with a mean age of 54. 3, mean weight of 87. 8 kg, mean BMI of 31. 5, were 69. 5% female, 95% Caucasian, 5% Mexican American, were well educated with 52% reporting 4-year or postgraduate degrees, and 60. 8% reported a household annual income above $60,000. Participants were randomly assigned a group. The standard-of-care condition, DASH 2 wellness (D2W) only, or the intervention-treatment group, DASH 2 wellness plus (D2WP). At baseline both groups completed a 4-day food intake record and a 7-day step log. Baseline height, weight, and BMI were also recorded. This data was gathered again after the 10-week intervention. D2W group was provided the DASH eating plan guide, walking and weight program, a scale, and a pedometer. D2WP group was provided everything listed above along with an automatic blood pressure monitor, weekly electronic feedback in planning, goal setting, and tracking of intake, weight, exercise, and self-monitored blood pressure readings. D2WP had a large increase in average daily steps 2,900 vs. 636. D2WP had a larger decrease in systolic BP 15. 14 mmHg vs. 4. 61 mmHg. D2WP had a larger decrease in weight 10. 54 lbs. vs. 3. 23 lbs. Outcomes suggest the primarily electronically delivered approach was more effective than the standard of care in changing some health behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity, reducing body weight, and systolic blood pressure. All D2WP participants moved from the PHT category to a normal, even optimal BP except for one. Fjeldsoe, B. S. , Miller, Y. D. , Marshall, A. L. (2013). Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity. Health Psychology, 32(7), 729-738. Doi: 10. 1037/a0027548 To explore whether improvements in physical activity (PA) following the MobileMums intervention were facilitated by changes in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs targeted in the intervention. Women less than 12-months postpartum were recruited from a database of women that agreed to be contacted for health-related research projects. Eligibility criteria included English comprehension, ownership of a mobile phone, engaged in less than five days per week of 30-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and intention to increase PA. 88 participants completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to either the intervention group, n=45, or control group, n=43. Seventy-seven percent of participants were reassessed at 6-weeks and 69% at 13-weeks. There were no meaningful or statistically significant differences between group demographic characteristics. Participants were randomly assigned to the control or intervention group. Control group participants received one face-to-face consultation with a behavioral counselor and given a PA information pack. MobileMum intervention group participants had two PA consultations with a behavioral counselor and one telephone consultation at 6-weeks. Counselor helped to set goals and plan exercise activities. Participants were also given weekly activity planning magnets to help self-monitor. Participants nominated a social support person. They also received 42 individualized phone messages providing strategies for behavior change and 11 goal check messages. Support person also received messages. Frequency of walking for exercise and the amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured. Barrier self-efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancy, social support, and perceived environmental opportunity were also measured. The MobileMum program increased the amount of walking for exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among postnatal women. An increase in physical activity was mediated in the short-term (6-weeks), by improvements in barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Social support did not significantly mediate the intervention effects on physical activity. The intervention did not have a significant impact on outcome expectancy or perceived environmental opportunities for PA. Pilutti, L. , Dlugonski, D. , Sandroff, B. , Klaren, R. , Motl, R. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, doi: 10. 1177/1352458513503391 To examine the efficacy of an internet delivered behavioral intervention for improving outcomes of fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in ambulatory persons with MS. This intervention has previously been tested to increase lifestyle physical activity among persons with MS. The second aim of this study is to replicate those results regarding change in physical activity. Sample consisted of 82 participants who were randomized into a control group, n=41, and an intervention group, n=41. Participant inclusion criteria: 18-64 years, diagnosis of MS, relapse-free for the past 30-days, internet access, ability to walk with or without an assistive device, physician approval, not maintaining 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day for more than 2 days. Sample was primarily female (76%). The level of disability of the sample was moderate and most participants (74%) did not use an assistive device. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in demographic or clinical characteristics, physical activity, or symptomatic and HRQOL outcomes pre-trial. Random controlled trial. The intervention group was provided a study website with information about becoming more physically active based on principles of SCT, self-monitoring, and goal-setting using a pedometer and activity logs, and one-on-one video coaching sessions for 6 months. Data measures included physical activity, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, quality of sleep, HRQOL, and disability. These measures were recorded at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Participants in the intervention group participated in significantly more self-reported physical activity compared to control group. They also spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to the control group although not a significant difference. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly lower in the intervention group. There was a favorable effects of the intervention on symptoms of pain and sleep quality post-intervention. Participants in the intervention group reported greater quality of life compared to control participants, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Overall, it can be confirmed that a lifestyle intervention delivered through the internet can be effective for increasing everyday physical activity in persons with MS, and this had a positive effect on symptomatic outcomes. Amaya, M. , Petosa, R. (2012). An evaluation of a worksite exercise intervention using the social cognitive theory: A pilot study. Health Education Journal, 71(2), 133-143. Doi: 10. 1177/0017896911409731 To increase exercise adherence among insufficiently active adult employees. Employees (n=127) who did not meet current American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for exercise. Majority of subjects were female (83%). A majority of subjects had obtained a bachelor’s or post bachelor’s degree (61%). Nearly all subjects were married (77%). A majority of the study sample was Caucasian (84%). A quasi-experimental separate samples pre-test-post-test group design was used to compare treatment and comparison group. Intervention: An eight-week educational program targeting the social cognitive theory constructs. There were 6 one-hour classroom-based sessions and multiple meetings with a trainer. The intervention taught subjects self-regulation skills, including focusing on self-monitoring, goal setting, and time management. Taught self-efficacy skills, overcoming barriers and exercise preferences. Taught social support for exercise, outcome expectations and expectancies, reasons to exercise and its value. Measures: free-living exercise, self-regulation, self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Measurements were taken at pre-test, post-test, one month and three months post-intervention. There was a significant difference between groups for moderate intensity exercise and vigorous intensity exercise at post-test and follow-up. There was a significant difference between groups for self-regulation at post-test and follow-up. There was not a significant difference between groups for self-efficacy or outcome expectancies. Family and friend social support group differences were non-significant at post-test and at one-month follow-up, but were significant at three-month follow-up. The educational intervention was effective in increasing the exercise rates of employees at the worksite. Social Cognitive Theory Framework Paper Framework Description, Components, and Synthesis Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) emerged primarily from the work of Albert Bandura. Social cognitive theory is a learning theory based on the idea that people learn by observing others. The theory is an expansion of the Social Learning Theory (SLT) originally proposed by Neal Miller and John Dollard and later expanded by Bandura himself. Social Learning Theory theorizes that people learn new behaviors by observing others, imitating their behavior, and then being reinforced by the observed outcomes. Bandura’s SCT differs from SLT by its emphasis on the role of self-efficacy and the concept of reciprocal triadic causation. Self-efficacy is a person’s confidence and desire to perform a behavior. It reflects not only a person’s actual know-how to perform a behavior, but also their skepticism or willingness in performing the behavior. Behavior is theorized in SCT to occur in a social context and influenced by the active shared interaction between the person, environment, and behavior, the reciprocal triadic causation. Never is a behavior not influence by all three. There are five key concepts that make up the Social Cognitive Theory, those concepts are knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectation, goal formation, and sociostructural factors. Knowledge is often the starting point for most health promotion programs. Many people will obtain knowledge through observation, verbal or written description, video or audio recordings, and other forms of knowledge delivery (DiClemente, 2013). The DARE program is a good example of a program that delivers knowledge to kids about the risks of alcohol and drugs to hopefully prevent their use and abuse. However, behavior change after obtaining knowledge is often dependent on four inner-related processes involving attention, retention, production, and motivation. Regardless of having the knowledge there must be underlining drives to commit to a behavior change. Building off the last example if a kid were to be a valued member of a sports team they may be move motivated to abstain from alcohol and drugs to avoid a decline in performance. Since knowledge alone may not initiate a behavior change all of the study articles listed above provided education for all participants at baseline. The Baptist study provided asthma education on how to administer medication, asthma triggers, control, and signs of exacerbation. The Pilutti study provided online material on becoming more physically active and healthy. Perceived self-efficacy can be explained as a person’s inner confidence in performing a task. This inner confidence has been influenced by past performances, the observation and verbal persuasion of others, and their physiological state (Bandura, 2004). Low self-efficacy can be caused by fear and can defeat any effort to perform a given task. Having a high level of self-efficacy will increase a person’s initiation and drive for a particular task. There are four methods to improve self-efficacy; learn to reduce the fear and other negative emotions that may be associated with the task, verbal persuasion, watch others perform the task successfully, and be physically guided or coached through the task (DiClemente, 2013). Many of these methods were used in the study articles listed above. By providing education, participant knowledge is increased, which helps to improve self-efficacy. The Carr study provided online exercise videos. In the Fjeldsoe study participants were assigned a counselor and a support person to provide encouragement. Participants in the Amaya study met for one-hour classroom sessions and had group discussions discussing fears, barriers, and exercise technique. Outcome expectations are individual beliefs about what consequences are most likely to occur if a particular behavior is performed. People anticipate the consequences of their actions before engaging in a behavior, and these anticipated consequences could influence the successful completion of the behavior (Bandura, 2004). The benefit of the behavior is the driving force for action. Educators, trainers, and counselors work well to help people recognize the possible positive outcomes. The Baptist, Amaya, and Fjeldsoe studies all used a person as part of their intervention to help participants visualize the possible outcomes of their efforts. Outcome expectations can also include negative perceptions or costs. For example a person thinking about going back to school may see the benefit in an advanced degree and pay raise or the negative outcome of tuition costs and time spent. Goal setting is an important aspect of SCT. Setting small achievable goals that progress to the final goal is an effective way to keep focused and maintain spirit throughout the process. With the attainment of small sub goals self-efficacy perceptions are likely to increase and the experience of positive outcomes will increase and improve change efforts (DiClemente, 2013). Further, goals are an important prerequisite for self-regulation because they provide objectives to strive towards and are levels against which to judge progress (Bandura, 2004). Participants of the Fjeldsoe study carried mobile devices that monitored progress and sent individualized messages with strategies to meet goals. Those participants also receive goal check messages and depending on participant responses they either received more advice or applause and encouragement to keep up the good work. Lastly, sociostructural factors are important as they can strongly impact self-efficacy and consequently behavior. Sociostructural factors are any actual or perceived external factor that influences for better or for worse the likelihood of a behavior (DiClemente, 2013). For example, a positive sociostructural factor for an individual trying to loose weight and eat healthy would be a number of local gym options. A negative factor may be the lack of grocery stores that offer organic food options. The Carr study, which investigated the effectiveness of an Internet site to improve physical activity, had a geographic mapping function to help participants locate resources and plan outdoor activity. Major Research and Practice Areas Based on the journal articles above much of the research is on the effectiveness of interventions that target the patient SCT constructs to improve illness management and physical activity. These interventions mostly focus on all five of the SCT concepts. The programs typically provided education, group, online, technical, and personal support, help with goal formation and strategic planning, and also coaching and counseling. The research is looking for interventions to improve self-management, quality of life, and the increase of health promoting behaviors such as blood pressure monitoring, eating healthy, and being physical activity. Social Cognitive Theory interventions can be used in practice to improve the management of chronic illnesses such as asthma, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. It can be used to improve health-promoting behaviors such as increasing exercise, dieting and weight loss, and monitoring blood pressure or blood sugars. Framework Population The populations of the studies found above using SCT involved older adults over the age of 65, patients with multiple diagnoses, adults with borderline diagnoses, sedentary adults, postpartum women, and adults managing disability related to an illness. All of the listed populations are at risk for low levels of self-efficacy, which can inhibit change. Therefore, these populations may require extra support and motivation, which can be provided by interventions using SCT to support change. Framework and Risk Factor In the Dorough study the population of focus was adults with prehypertension and their risk factor was physical inactivity and poor diet and nutrition. The study aimed to use an intervention influenced by SCT to promote physical activity and reduce hypertension. Features of the intervention that were SCT based were the nutrition and exercise education, the nutrition guide an outlined exercise program, and lastly the electronic resource provided for logging progress, goal setting, and goal attainment advice. The results of the intervention included a significant increase in daily steps, decrease in blood pressure, and weight loss. All but one participant moved from prehypertension to normal even optimal blood pressure. Application of Framework Stroke survivors can have a low perceived level of self-efficacy and this puts them at an increased risk for not meeting their rehabilitation goals for recovery. Stroke survivors want to return to the varied roles they had before their stroke. However, commonly these survivors become victim to themselves as they begin to lose interest, become unmotivated, and become difficult to get going. Depression and apathy are common consequences of stroke with the sudden loss of independence and self-reliance. An intervention that aims to change patient SCT constructs to improve physical activity in rehab may work to improve the patient’s self-efficacy and their progression in rehabilitation. The desired outcome is increased participation in physical rehabilitation. The factor that is limiting that outcome is the patient’s low level of perceived self-efficacy. One study revealed that the functional level at 6 months post stroke could predict long-term survival and disability (Jones, 2010). Therefore, an intervention that promotes a positive spirit, provides support, and creates an environment that facilitates goal attainment is absolutely necessary for these patients to increase their functional ability and decrease their level of dependency, which is of utmost importance. An ideal SCT intervention for this population would begin with an educational session on stroke covering topics such as common side effects, medications, needs and goals of rehabilitation. The recovery process is long and therefore multiple small goals should be set weekly to help maintain motivation and recognize progression however small. Therapy should be conducted in groups to allow patients to motivate each other, witness each other’s progression, and support one another through the recovery process. Nurses, and physical, speech, and occupational therapist should help the patients monitor and log their progress, coach exercises, and motivate. To measure the effectiveness of the program therapy participations may be measure based on time, patient exertion and attitude. The level of self-efficacy before and after would be a good measure along with patient’s outlook on current progression and further progress.

Film Opinion Essays

Film Opinion Essays Film Opinion Essay Film Opinion Essay Essay Topic: Opinion When I decide to drive to the film theatre or to sit down and bask a movie. several factors play in my pick of film. Most of the clip. it depends on the temper that I am in. Am I in the temper for something light and amusing? Or do I desire to submerse myself into a detail-oriented movie such as Inception? I take into consideration whether I have enjoyed the histrions in old movies. and if I think they will supply the amusement I am looking for. Has the dawdler engaged me long plenty to do me interested in the movie? Or has the advertisement flooded me with information that makes me experience as though the movie will be another floating-point operation and non deserving my clip? These are all inquiries I ask myself when I start to believe about watching a film. Generally. I don’t take film critic reappraisals into consideration because I have been disappointed several times in the past. but I will listen to what friends have to state about their experience with the film. I enjoy most movies across all genres. I enjoy when the narratives are detailed. and supply a history of the characters. whether through flashbacks or duologue. I prefer comedies to be humorously dark. sarcastic. or dry. : With play or action flicks. I prefer for the supporter to hold some tragic mistakes that lead to their result or triumph to be sweeter or to warrant a better cause than them. I enjoy dialogue-heavy movies with histrions who can portray the character in a manner that makes me believe in them. The recent tally of comic-based films is exhaustively gratifying to me. due to the rich storytelling and deep backstories from the amusing books that the films accompany. Sing those characters given life by histrions that pull off the idiosyncrasies and attitudes helps entrap new fans into the universe of cartoon strips. Science fiction movies pull me in because I have ever been intrigued by the thought that our technological promotion will finally do issues that could take to humanity’s ruin. When I can watch films over and over once more and happen new. interesting subplots or Easter eggs. it makes the experience more rewarding. I do non bask movies with plotlines that do non do sense. make a narrative excessively hard for the medium to interpret decently for the audience. or when films start plotlines but do non see them through. When watching horror movies. slasher movies do non offend my involvement every bit much as psychological or spiritual horror movies do. I try to remain off from the general tally of the factory action movies that come out every summer. that tend to hold the same expression as a batch of other action films. In rare cases. the soundtrack of a movie will turn me off if it does non suit the temper and motion of the movie. This makes them really predictable and unenjoyable to me. I besides find it hard to watch films that are based on books but take excessively many autonomies and do non follow the book’s plot line. All in all. I enjoy watching films and do so several times a hebdomad if I have the clip. Whether it be new movies or favorites that I have watched many times. it is ever good to get away from world for a short clip and to loosen up. Movies have ever been a good conversation piece for my circle of friends. and are normally what we choose to make when we get together. I find that I have no job sitting down and get downing any film at place to see if it will capture my involvement. but when it comes to paying for a ticket. I am more finical because I do non desire to experience as though I wasted my money.

Special Education Teaching Strategy Lists for Success

Special Education Teaching Strategy Lists for Success There are many practical strategies that are effective in the classroom. It is up to the classroom and special education teacher to ensure that appropriate strategies are being used  to assist individual learning styles and allow all students with special needs  to succeed. It is recommended that a multi-modal approach be used: visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile for optimum success. Classroom Environment Provide the use of a study carrel when necessary.Seat student in an area free from distractions.Eliminate all unnecessary materials from the students desk to reduce distractions.Use a checklist to help the student get organized.Keep an extra supply of pencils, pens, books, and paper in the classroom.You may have to allow the student frequent breaks.Have an agreed upon cue for the student to leave the classroom.Reduce visual distractions in the classroom. Time Management and Transitions Space short work periods with breaks.Provide additional time to complete assignment.Allow extra time for homework completion.Inform student with several reminders, several minutes apart, before changing from one activity to the next.Reduce the amount of work from the usual assignment.Provide a specific place for turning in assignments. Presentation of Materials Modify expectations based on students needs.Break assignments into segments of shorter tasks.Give alternative assignments rather than long written assignments.Provide a model of the end product.Provide written and verbal direction with visuals if possible.Break long assignments into small sequential steps, monitoring each step.Highlight to alert student attention to key points within the written direction of the assignment.Check that all homework assignments are written correctly in some kind of an agenda/homework book. Sign it and have parents sign it as well.Number and sequence steps in a task.Provide outlines, study guides, copies of overhead notes.Explain learning expectations to the student before beginning a lesson.Make sure you have the students attention before beginning a lesson.Allow for the student to use tape recorders, computers, calculators and dictation to obtain and retain assignment success.Allow oral administration of test.Limit the number of concepts presented at o ne time. Provide incentives for beginning and completing material. Assessment, Grading, and Testing Provide a quiet setting for test taking, allow tests to be scribed if necessary and allowing for oral responses.Exempt student from district-wide testing if possible.Divide the test into small sections.Grade spelling separately from content.Allow as much time as needed to complete.Avoid time test.Change the percentage of work required for passing grade.Permit retaking the test.Provide monitored breaks from testing. Behavior Avoid confrontations and power struggles.Provide an appropriate peer role model.Modify rules that may discriminate against a student with a neurological disorder.Develop a system or code that will let the student know when behavior is not appropriate.Ignore attention seeking behaviors that are not disruptive to the classroom.Arrange a designated safe place that student can go to.Develop a code of conduct for the classroom and visually display it in an appropriate place where all students can see it, review it frequently.Develop a behavior intervention plan that is realistic and easily applied.Provide immediate reinforcers and feedback. Delivering an academic program to a room full of unique students is certainly a challenge. Implementing some of the listed strategies will provide a comfortable learning place for all students regardless of their academic abilities.

Luther the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Luther the movie - Essay Example ement; "I live in terror of judgment, have you ever dared to think that God is not just threatening us with the fires of hell.† Martin can be viewed to be repulsing God. When you compare this to â€Å"The Recital of the Deceased Egyptian† Martin will be seen as repulsing God because the situation is so strict and that makes it almost impossible for one not to sin. "I have not repulsed the God in his manifestations, I am pure, I am pure, I am pure," is a complex statement for any human being. But Luther tries to live and attain these abnormal standards and that is the main reason he has to live in a Hinduism way of life. He has to live and be fully devoted to God as it is the primary goal. Martin is also obliged to follow the ways of salvation which are clearly shown throughout the movie. The first way is that of good works and is seen when Martin gives back the money the money that had been paid for indulgences to the mother of the girl that could not walk. He tells her that paying indulgences is not the right way to get to God. The way of salvation through knowledge is seen when Martin becomes a preacher and decides to teach differently. When Martin translates the Bible into German language, he was portraying the way of devotion. This was crucial as he was dedicated to letting the people making sure that people had a chance to understand religion by reading the Bible and know what they were getting into. When Martin teaches a young girl how to learn to walk again he was practicing the physical discipline way (Chaffee 36). It is hard to imagine any social being that is pure. Though Martin is seen as a hero by many people who believe that he was a reformer and the greatest one that the religion has ever had, some people see him as one who wrestled with God. In the beginning, we see a tormented Luther that is willing to become a monk if only he is saved d by the heavens from a thunderstorm. We see him wishing there were no God and longed to a God that he that is